Academic articles
Academic articles
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We will try to bring the relevant articles on the subject
We will try to bring the relevant articles on the subject
Editor: Adolfo J Martinez-Rodriguez
Shock chlorination and remedial flushing are suggested to address Legionella pneumophila (Lp) contamination in buildings or during their (re)commissioning. However, data on general microbial measurements (adenosine tri-phosphate [ATP], total cell counts [TCC]), and the abundance of Lp are lacking to support their temporary implementation with variable water demands. In this study, the weekly short-term (3-week) impact of shock chlorination (20–25 mg/L free chlorine, 16 h) or remedial flushing (5-min flush) combined with distinct flushing regimes (daily, weekly, stagnant) was investigated in duplicates of showerheads in two shower systems. Results showed that the combination of stagnation and shock chlorination prompted biomass regrowth, with ATP and TCC in the first draws reaching large regrowth factors of 4.31–7.07-fold and 3.51–5.68-fold, respectively, from baseline values.
Martin Hessling1*, Julian Schmid1 , Katharina Hoenes1 , Petra Vatter1
Abstract: Legionella infections caused by contaminated water are a widespread problem worldwide. Discharge lamps like mercury vapor lamps are widely known for the disinfection properties of their radiation, but they suffer technical disadvantages, like high voltages and toxic content, and are, therefore, not suitable for some infection control applications. New highintensity ultraviolet (UV) and violet LEDs offer new approaches for Legionella control, because these bacteria are significantly light sensitive compared to other pathogens.
Jack Jia Xin Song 1,2,3, Kumiko Oguma *
Highlights
Highlights
A UV-LED-incorporated showerhead was made for POU disinfection of waterborne OPPPs.
Flowrate (2–7.3 L/min) and UV-LED drive current (350 and 700 mA) were varied.
Showerhead was tested against coliphage T1 and natural heterotrophic bacteria.
The device achieved up to 1.4 log reduction for bacteria at 4.5 L/min and 700 mA.
Results show the feasibility of UV-LED-incorporated showerheads for OPPP control.
Spatiotemporal hotspots of potential microbial risk in shower systems
Water Research, 2025.
Anran Ren 1, Mingchen Yao 1, Yue Zhang 1, Lihua Chen 1, Xiaoming Li 1, Wei Yan 2, Walter van der Meer 3, Joan Rose 4, Gang Liu 5
Abstract: Shower systems create conditions conducive to the growth of opportunistic pathogens, but the timing and location of associated risks are poorly understood. In this study, we constructed 48 full size shower units with six incubation periods (4, 10, 16, 22, 30, and 40 weeks) and four water heater temperature (39, 45, 51, and 58 °C) to examine the dynamics of microbial growth and pathogen distribution.
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